Association of Metabolic Diseases with Renal Stones among Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease and Non-Chronic Kidney Disease
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53778/pjkd102362Avainsanat:
Renal stone, metabolic diseases, chronic kidney disease, association, diabetes mellitus, hypertensionAbstrakti
ABSTRACT
Introduction:
Significant associations have been observed between obesity, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, and renal stone formation. This association is highlighted by shared risk factors such as insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. Its specific impact on patients who progress to chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains under-explored. Recognizing this interplay is vital for comprehensive management and prevention strategies for renal stones in both CKD and non-CKD patients.
Methods:
This cross-sectional prospective study was conducted over 178 adult patients of both genders visiting Nephrology CKD-Stone disease OPD at The Indus Hospital, Karachi July 10, 2023 to January 9, 2024. After taking the informed consent, Patients were categorized into two groups i.e. renal stone with reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFR) renal stone with normal GFR. Metabolic disease screening was conducted for all patients. Data was recorded in the provided proforma and used electronically for research.
Results: The mean age of kidney stone with reduced and normal GFR were as 49.64 ± 14.41 and 39.33 ± 14.24 years. Male and female were 74.2% and 25.8% in former and 57.3% and 42.7% later group. Metabolic disease was found 21.9% in former and 69.5% in later group with statistically significant difference -p value of <0.001 (95% CI: 0.062–0.246)
Conclusion: An inverse association between metabolic disease and renal stone occurrence was observed in the study population. However, these findings differed from previously published literature and should therefore be interpreted cautiously. Further large-scale studies are needed to better clarify this relationship.
Keywords: Association, Chronic Kidney Disease, Metabolic Disease, Renal Stones
Lähdeviitteet
Raheem OA, Khandwala YS, Sur RL, Ghani KR, Denstedt JD. Burden of urolithiasis: trends in prevalence, treatments, and costs. Eur Urol Focus. 2017;3(1):18–26.
Huang WY, Chen YF, Carter S, Chang HC, Lan CF, Huang KH. Epidemiology of upper urinary tract stone disease in a Taiwanese population: a nationwide, population-based study. J Urol. 2013;189(6):2158–2163.
Romero V, Akpinar H, Assimos DG. Kidney stones: a global picture of prevalence, incidence, and associated risk factors. Rev Urol. 2010;12(2–3):e86–e96.
Rule AD, Bergstralh EJ, Melton LJ III, Li X, Weaver AL, Lieske JC. Kidney stones and the risk for chronic kidney disease. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2009;4(4):804–811.
Ziemba JB, Matlaga BR. Epidemiology and economics of nephrolithiasis. Investig Clin Urol. 2017;58(5):299–306.
Després JP, Lemieux I, Bergeron J, Pibarot P, Mathieu P, Larose E, et al. Abdominal obesity and the metabolic syndrome: contribution to global cardiometabolic risk. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28(6):1039–1049.
Taylor EN, Stampfer MJ, Curhan GC. Obesity, weight gain, and the risk of kidney stones. JAMA. 2005;293(4):455–462.
Inci M, Demirtas A, Sarli B, Akinsal E, Baydilli N. Association between body mass index, lipid profiles, and types of urinary stones. Ren Fail. 2012;34(9):1140–1143.
Taylor EN, Stampfer MJ, Curhan GC. Diabetes mellitus and the risk of nephrolithiasis. Kidney Int. 2005;68(3):1230–1235.
Kittanamongkolchai W, Mara KC, Mehta RA, Vaughan LE, Denic A, Knoedler JJ, et al. Risk of hypertension among first-time symptomatic kidney stone formers. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2017;12(3):476–482.
Torricelli FC, De SK, Gebreselassie S, Li I, Sarkissian C, Monga M. Dyslipidemia and kidney stone risk. J Urol. 2014;191(3):667–672.
Masterson JH, Woo JR, Chang DC, Chi T, L'Esperance JO, Stoller ML, et al. Dyslipidemia is associated with an increased risk of nephrolithiasis. Urolithiasis. 2015;43(1):49–53.
Shoag J, Halpern J, Goldfarb DS, Eisner BH. Risk of chronic and end stage kidney disease in patients with nephrolithiasis. J Urol. 2014;192(5):1440–1445.
Chou YH, Li CC, Hsu H, Chang WC, Liu CC, Li WM, et al. Renal function in patients with urinary stones of varying compositions. Kaohsiung J Med Sci. 2011;27(7):264–267.
Ahmed MH, Barakat S, Almobarak AO. The association between renal stone disease and cholesterol gallstones: the easy to believe and not hard to retrieve theory of the metabolic syndrome. Ren Fail. 2014;36(6):957–962.
Hess B. Metabolic syndrome, obesity and kidney stones. Arab J Urol. 2012;10(3):258–264.
Scurt FG, Ganz MJ, Herzog C, Bose K, Mertens PR, Chatzikyrkou C. Association of metabolic syndrome and chronic kidney disease. Obes Rev. 2024;25(1):e13649.
Muntner P. Longitudinal measurements of renal function. Semin Nephrol. 2009;29(6):650–657.
Yuan C, Jin X, He Y, Liu Y, Xiang L, Wang K. Association of dietary patterns with gut microbiota in kidney stone and non-kidney stone individuals. Urolithiasis. 2022;50(4):389–399.
Tiedostolataukset
Julkaistu
Numero
Osasto
Lisenssi
Copyright (c) 2026 Shoukat Memon, Gohar Rehman, Faiza Saeed, Ashar Alam, Javeria Chughtai, Shahzaib sheikh, Salman Imtiaz
Tämä työ on lisensoitu Creative Commons Nimeä-EiKaupallinen 4.0 Kansainvälinen Julkinen -lisenssillä.
